Explain the diamond pantograph collector with neat diagram

Pantograph is an apparatus which mounted on the roof of electric train to collect power through with an overhead tension wire. Question: 1 flate plate collector with neat diagram and explain its parts? i need the answer quickly. Diamond and graphite have shift structures which represent their diverse properties, and both are pure carbon. Let's start with the symbol of transistors so that you can identify them in a circuit. Show transcribed image text. IV. On-load tap Mar 2, 2020 · Fig. The circuit diagram of an n-p-n transistor amplifier in CE configuration is given. Ai = (IC/IB) + 1. (b) The figure shows input waveform A and B to a logic. Your solution’s ready to go! Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. Exchanging the drawing pen and the tracer point enlarges the figure. If a line drawing is traced by Jun 15, 2021 · A double-arm pantograph requires an overhead three-phase AC power system. 10 15. Draw the output waveform for an OR gate. 1a and b, which contains two main components—the catenary and the pantograph [1, 2]. Explain the reason of this opposite behaviour. Attempt any four: 16 a) Explain with neat diagram trolley collector for overhead system. In this paper, we present a case study about modeling and controlling a pantograph mechanism that is facing significant Description : Explain with neat diagram trolley collector for overhead system. C) Draw the schematic diagram of Cathode Ray Tube (CRO). Flow phenomena around the pantograph are complicated and can cause a large E) With neat. The one on the left is the symbol of the PNP transistor and the one on the right is the symbol of the NPN transistor. . 2 c) Draw and explain in brief construction of Diamond Pantograph. A pantograph engraving machine, or pantograph engraver, is a pantograph which uses a cutting tool at one position on the pantograph's mechanism to engrave (cut) into a workpiece a design traced out by a tracer or stylus at another position on the mechanism. In this region, both emitter and collector junctions are forward biased equal to cut in voltage. The pantograph is a common type of current Mar 27, 2024 · Here also the emitter current is equal to the sum of collector current and the base current. (b) A D. Over-head supply line 2. , the trolley collector, bow collector and the pantograph Dec 1, 2023 · Abstract. - How does Hudson Jewelers gain a customer? b) With neat sketch explain automatic weight tension and temperature compensation. e) What are the ratings of circuit breaker used in traction substation? 4. This is a stable state of the Bistable A fault tree is established based on structural analysis, working principle analysis, and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) of the pantograph-type current collector on the Chinese Rail High Pantograph definition, an instrument for the mechanical copying of plans, diagrams, etc. C Generator? [3 Points Q1. See more. 4 ̊ C while the solar radiance reached roughly 788 W/m 2 but in the situation of A typical parabolic dish collector has a dish of 6 m diameter. Mar 22, 2021 · After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Draw and explain the energy diagram for a biased bipolar junction transistor (BJT). In general, the reliability of a pantograph refers to its ability to maintain stable and efficient operation during long-term use, and at the same time to quickly return to normal use in the event of a failure. The authors aim to strengthen interdisciplinary Jan 27, 2024 · A pantograph is basically a precision tool that allows you to trace or enlarge a pattern onto a surface. straight ahead out over the paper. from pantograph import * pg = PantoGraph(driver, follower, motor_1_pos, motor_2_pos) The servos and arms will move immediately (this is why it’s important to have fastened the arms loosely). The N-type layer is the emitter and the electron source. d) State any four factors by which locations and spacing of substations are decided. This collector requires two-axis tracking. The modern electrified trains constantly acquire the electrical energy by the way of sliding electrical contacts, either through the catenary line and the pantograph, or the third rail strategy. Used in electric train supply system on top of train, which supplies current to electric train from cables on top. The transistor characteristic under Common Collector configuration is as follows: Transistor Characteristics. Due to the limitations of size and the small quantity of fluid, dish type solar collectors are suitable for only small power generation (up to few kW). 1015 cm-3, current density J= 20 KA/cm² Calculate the avalanche-zone velocity. Railway Electrification Systems by S Frey. Write the truth table for this logic gate and draw its logic symbol. It consists of an assemblage of rigid bars adjustably joined by pin joints; as the point of one bar is moved over the outline to be duplicated, the motion is translated to a point on another bar, which makes the desired copy according to the predetermined scale. Apr 14, 2017 · 14. May 13, 2024 · The emitter, base, and collector are the three layers that make up an NPN transistor. For the transistor to function properly, each layer plays a distinct role. In woodworking, a pantograph is a machine with a guiding arm attached to a cutting tool. The common collector transistor circuit is shown above. Double crank mechanism 9) Show transcribed image text. Phase 1: Discovery –. Question \#1 (from Ch\#1): Explain and draw a "input-output" value chain diagram for the Diamond industry through the sale to the customer. The collection efficiency of the device is high even for small particles. Reverted gear train. It can yield temperatures up to 3000 o C. . Attach the tracing arm to the base securely. It is a common type of current collector. This results in a remarkable overall performance. This type of pantograph consumes high power to raise the speed of the train. shows an electric locomotive. The central 'O' setting is the off position. Brown in 1903 patented a current-collector design called the pantograph. 3: Pantograph. 16. Now that you understand the different components, let’s set up the pantograph: Place the base on a stable surface, ensuring it’s secure. b) Draw the block diagram of Digital instrumentation system and label the same. Explain the Electron gun in detail. , on any desired scale. The active pantograph is one of the most promising methods for suppressing PCS coupling vibration and improving the current collection Common Collector (CC) Configuration of Transistor. Also explain its working in brief. Concentrators are capable of increasing the radiant power of sunlight a few hundred times. Peaucilier straight line mechanism b. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. (ii) Tubes, fins or passages for conducting or directing the heat transfer fluid from the inlet to the outlet. Shunt generator runs at 400 rpm and delivers 500 KW to bus-bars having a constant voltage of 400V. The electron flow from the emitter to the collector is controlled by the base, which is typically a thin P-type layer. Pantograph c. This is all about the basic explanation of the pantograph in Indian railways. It describes the major components and operation of both the Stone India and Schunk types of pantographs. Current gain, Ai = output current/Input current. Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. When the circuit is switched ON, due to some circuit imbalances as in Astable, one of the transistors, say Q 1 gets switched ON, while the transistor Q 2 gets switched OFF. Domenico Guida. Oct 16, 2015 · Types of PANTOGRAPH. 4. Explain automatic weight tensioning with its advantages. The length of the strip is approximate 1050 mm. Draw the basic single slider crank chain and explain how different inversions are Apr 13, 2019 · 1. (a)Write a brief note on suitability of DC series motor for traction. See examples of PANTOGRAPH used in a sentence. When a paramagnetic substance is kept in a magnetic field, the field in the substance is more than the applied field. There are 3 steps to solve this one. Robert's linkage b. The air circuit breaker is provided on the roof of the locomotive and its main function is to disconnect the locomotive from high voltage supply. Aug 19, 2020 · In the common base configuration of NPN circuit emitter is N type base is of P type and collector is of N type. Sep 1, 2018 · The goal of the presented analysis is to investigate, how the stiffness (K) and damping (C) properties of the pantograph collector suspension affect the contact force variation. Explain the diamond pantograph collector with neat diagram. It collects current from overhead equipment through sliding contact by means of a pantograph. 8. Pantograph mechanism has been used for a long time in 2-D engraving and drawing machines. Disadvantages of electrostatic precipitator: Can’t be used for gaseous emissions. having a flat zone of 520 mm in the middle and both the ends are chamfered. As the designer traces over the lines, the pattern is enlarged or reduced depending on the settings and transmitted through the parallelogram linkages onto the fabric below. Mar 5, 2021 · Abstract. , pantograph–catenary relationship, wheel–rail relationship and fluid–solid relationship), pantograph–catenary system is the key to maintain the constant and reliable power supply for high-speed trains, as shown in Fig. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, it gets polarised. The emitter electrode is common to both input and output circuits. Explain with sketch Beam engine up Q. There by the pantograph blades collapse in vertical plane and vertical isolation is obtained between the line terminal and pantograph upper terminal. 1. Q1. b. In BaTiO3 unit cell, Ba2+ B a 2 + ions occupy the corner, each ion shared by 8 cells; thus contributing 1/8th of As one of the three basic relationships of high-speed railway (i. 1 day ago · The cycle is iterative to represent real project. 15. The property exhibited by the pantograph is called the distributive Feb 14, 2020 · The current is carried by the upper bus bar to the lower bus bar through the conducting arms of the pantograph. Write one advantage and one disadvantage of it. Pantograph 3. In order to cut off the transistor, the emitter junction has to be made slightly reverse biased in addition to I B. The input circuit is connected between emitter and base, and the output circuit is taken from the collector and emitter. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- 'all, every', and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. Describe the function of a transistor as an amplifier with the neat circuit diagram. Components of Liquid flat Plate Collector. 98 A0 A 0 and c = 4. 5+5 17. A PNP transistor has three terminals – a Collector (C), Emitter (E) and Base (B). 3. In CE Configuration, the Collector terminal of the transistor will be connected common between the output and the input terminals. The result showed the utmost vaiation of the inlet as well as the outlet temperatures of the solar collector as 14. A photodiode is a special purpose P-N junction diode fabricated with a transparent window to allow light to fall on the diode. The electric field in a polarised material is less than the applied field. 2) Collector strips are forced against the contact wire by upward action pantograph springs. Explain. Ans: Oct 31, 2023 · Step 2: Setting Up the Pantograph. Advantages of Concentrated Solar Collectors. 7 m to 7. 15). Explain the following : 5+5 (a)Faiveley pantograph (b)Bow collector 16. Here, a = b = 3. There is an original drawing or pattern placed on one end. 1 Overview. Jul 11, 2023 · I. Controlling the end-effector trajectory requires a control system that can reject the disturbances affecting the end tool. Trains -Pantographs have been used in many different aspects of technology. Its role is to transfer power from the contact line to the electric traction unit. The mathematics of vectors is called "Linear Algebra," and is generally studied in the second year of college, after Calculus. It uses ratios with how close or far away the engraving arm is to the tracing arm to give different sizes to the font or image you are tracing. Question: 9 Draw neat diagrams of the following mechanisms and write the necessary conditions, if any. b) With neat sketch explain automatic weight tension and temperature compensation. Ai = (IC + IB)/IB. Aug 17, 2022 · To overcome these issues, John Q. This is how I take a reasonably large word and shrink it down to fit on an 11mm, 12mm, or 15mm blank. Here’s the best way to solve it. Java Collection framework provides many Sep 21, 2008 · In the seventeenth century, for the first time, artists had a device, called the pantograph, to help them mechanically copy a design on an enlarged or reduced scale. The Stone India pantograph has lower, middle, and upper articulations, along with a yoke assembly, push rod assembly, and other parts Explain the current flow in an NPN transistor. This strip is either. Fresnel Lens Concentrating Collector Marco Claudio De Simone. Define the transistor parameters alpha and beta, and determine them from device curves and/or circuit currents. 'DC' raised the DC pantograph and 'AC' raises the AC pantograph. Introduction. Reducing large drawing. Question: Draw neat diagrams of the following mechanisms and write the necessary conditions. C. List out the advantages of the same. An illustration of the device can be seen in his 1630 book, Rosa pantograph-catenary system, provides electrical power to the locomotive by contacting the catenary while the train is The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and Operations Management questions and answers. Explain ‘end on generation’ with advantages and disadvantages. It contains approximate 20 to 30% copper, 10% other materials and remaining carbon. The high-speed-train pantograph is a complex structure that consists of different rod-shaped and rectangular surfaces. The PNP transistor behaves like two PN junctions diodes connected back to back. Thus, the emitter is common to both the input and the output circuit, and hence the name is the common emitter configuration. Disadvantages of Concentrated Solar Collectors. The drawing pen D produces a similar figure in the chosen scale. 10 The configuration in which the emitter is connected between the collector and base is known as a common emitter configuration. To address the distinct requirements for performing analysis on Big Data, step – by – step methodology is needed to organize the activities and tasks involved with acquiring, processing, analyzing, and repurposing data. The formation of pantograph collectors was studied in experiments performed with the use of a press of a new design [4]. a. c) Draw and explain in brief construction of Diamond Pantograph. The data science team learn and investigate the Mar 25, 2020 · A PNP transistor is a bipolar junction transistor constructed by sandwiching an N-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors. The transistor behaves as an amplifier when the input circuit (emitter - base) is forward biased having low voltage V B B and the output circuit (collector - base) is reverse biased having high voltage V C C. Various Components of Electric Locomotive: 1. Wendy Griswold is one of the central nodes in the boom of cultural analysis in sociology that started in the 1980s. As I said, you will be able to see the three With neat diagram of a unit cell, explain the structure of BaTiO3. A pantograph (or " pan " or " panto ") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train, tram or electric bus [1] to collect power through contact with an overhead line. Now let us calculate the current gain for this configuration. It lift or down on the basis of the wire tension. Typically a single wire is used with the return current running through the track. Now, due to technology a pantograph can scale a drawing or help create a robot. Operation of Bistable Multivibrator. The story goes: “culture” declined in favor among sociologists in the 1960s and 1970s, largely resulting from the backlash to Parsonian sociology – with his cultural systems With the increasing speed of urban rail trains, the vibration between the pantograph collector strip and the contact wire intensifies, and the pantograph-catenary arc occurs frequently, which severely wear the surface materials of the pantograph-catenary. With the tracer point T the outline of drawing A is traced. 03 A0 A 0. Avalanche zone velocity of a TRAPATT diode has following parameters: Doping concentration NA = 2. Pantograph. (a) With the help of neat diagram, Explain the working of a D. The pantograph model employed in the simulation represents the one which is commonly used in Europe, 160ECT (produced by EC Engineering). The term stems from the resemblance of some styles to the mechanical pantograph s used for copying handwriting and drawings. 13. Circuit breaker. Ai = IE/IB. Make sure the pointer on the copying arm is aligned Explain the working principle of Hybrid solar collector with neat diagrams. Transistor functions as a switch. It works by moving a mechanical drawing tool like a pen or engraving bit according to programmed coordinates, allowing the creation of multiple identical copies from a single original design. To reduce drawing A, the pantograph is fixed at the pole P. The height of the pantograph collector can be easily changed from the driver’s cabin by employing simple operations. The different definitions are discussed in Fig. Definition: The transistor in which one p-type material is placed between two n-type materials is known as NPN transistor. Pantographs in operation are entirely or partially charged to build electric contacts between electric Pantograph 3d rendering. (b)Explain about trolley inspection. Construction: It consists of a hollow metal cylinder divided into two sections D1 and D2 called Dees, enclosed in an evacuated chamber (Figure). 3. This transistor features two diodes that are connected back to back. Ai = β + 1. In an upcoming article, I will explain Metalised carbon strip is a current collector which is fitted on the top of the panto pan. In the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) devices, the sunlight is converted into electricity. So Q always traces a figure s-times larger than the figure traced by P. Jan 26, 2024 · A pantograph machine works sort of like a complex system of mirrors. The following figure shows the circuit diagram of a self-biased Bistable Multivibrator. When the photodiode is illuminated with light (photons) with energy h greater than the energy gap Eg of the semiconductor, then electron-hole pairs are generated due to the absorption of photons. III. The emitter base terminals are forward biased so the majority charge carriers in the emitter that is the electrons gets repelled by the negative applied voltage and in the same way the majority charge carriers in the base that is the holes gets repelled by the positive applied voltage. Particularly, for the high-speed train, the current collection manner widely adopts the former strategy, which is the so-called Feb 29, 2024 · The paper describes the role that pantograph has played in the development of Science and Technology. Pantograph definition: an instrument for the mechanical copying of plans, diagrams, etc. Also, the output will be the inverse of the input, which means the output experiences a 180° phase change. While opening, the rotating insulators column is rotated about its axis. ADVERTISEMENTS: As the tramcars and trolley buses draw their power from overhead conductors suspended about 6. Pantograph Engraving Machines in General 2. The pantograph selector switch had five positions: E, DC, O, AC, and E. (b) Explain why graphite can be used as a lubricant but diamond cannot. II. Pantographs are a special devices mounted on electric trains to collect current from one or several contact wires. Guides. The output motion of the pneumatic pistons is connected to the mechanism in such a way that when the driver increases the air pressure, the height of the pantograph increases. The particles of diamond enter the four atoms of carbon in a gem frame. When a p-type semiconductor material is fused between two n-type semiconductor materials, an NPN transistor is formed. Click here:point_up_2:to get an answer to your question :writing_hand:what is a rectifier with the help of a neat circuit diagram explain the working. set_angles(0, 0) This sets both arms to 0 degrees, i. There is a wide variety of electric traction systems around the world and these have been built according to the type of railway, its location and the technology available at the time of the installation. Symbol of BJT Transistors. Electrical Engineering questions and answers. A flat collector (Fig 4. This shows some pictures of the electric trains and it is easy to notice where the pantographs are. Used in copy machining such as copying lathe using hydraulic system. The below diagram shows the symbols of the two types of transistors. Jul 19, 2019 · Diamond Pantograph: Construction of Diamond Pantograph: 1)Diamond Pantograph consist of pressed steel channel sectional fitted with renewable collector strips and supported at the apex of Pentagonal tubular frame work as shown in above figure. BaTiO3 (Barium Titanate) structure is a Tetragonal type in which a = b ≠ c and α, β, and γ are all right angles. (a) Write two points of difference in the structures of diamond and graphite. May 20, 2022 · A pantograph collector can operate in either direction of motion. When a pantograph collector is used, the erection of the overhead network is very pantograph is a system of articulated arms fixed on the roof of the locomotive. The pantograph–catenary system (PCS) vibration causes the pantograph–catenary contact force (PCCF) to fluctuate, deteriorating current collection quality and damaging the electrical equipment. The Dees are kept separated and a source of ions is placed at the centre in the gap between the Dees. With a neat diagram of TRAPATT diode, explain the principle of operation with neat figures. Explain forward-reverse bias operation. The pantograph translates the movement of the guiding arm into proportional movement of the cutting tool. 14) usually consists of the following components: (i) Glazing, which may be one or more sheets of glass or other diathermanous (radiation transmitting) material (Fig. Fig. Christopher Scheiner, a German Jesuit, was responsible for designing and building the first pantograph in 1603. Explain the importance of neutral section with neat diagram. NPN Transistor. pantograph, instrument for duplicating a motion or copying a geometric shape to a reduced or enlarged scale. Feb 28, 2017 · Diagrams of Theory: Griswold's Cultural Diamond. Space requirement is more. Connect the copying arm to the tracing arm using the provided mechanism. Elliptical trammel c. The formation of pantograph collectors was studied in experiments performed with the use of a press of a new design . However, the graphite’s particles join the three atoms of carbon and get associated with the plates that are parallel to each other. a) Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Diagram fully labeled 4 marks, partially labeled 3 marks, unlabeled 2 mark 1 mark each for any two relay functions for transformer = 2 M 1 mark each for any two relay functions for catenary = 2 M 2 c) Draw and explain construction of Faiveley type pantograph collector. Many installations seen today were first built more than 100 years ago, some when 2. Jul 15, 2020 · However, it is clear from the figure that the collector current has a significant value under this condition. Solve. Assume that the equation of velocity Oct 13, 2018 · The pantograph model is imported into the finite element analysis software to load, and the displacement cloud diagram of the pantograph bow head is obtained, and compared with the theoretical c) With a neat diagram explain trolley collector or pole collector for overhead system. With a neat diagram, explain the working principle of a line focusing type of solar collector and also discuss how to increase the efficiency of this solar collector. Ans: Diamond Pantograph: Construction of Diamond Pantograph: 1)Diamond Pantograph consist of pressed steel channel sectional fitted with renewable collector strips and supported at the apex of Pentagonal tubular frame It can be used for the collection of both dry and wet impurities. (c) Explain why diamond can be used in rock drilling equipment but graphite cannot. It unfolds and extends along a vertical axis. The widespread application of pantographs dates back to the 18th century, and we can easily trace the links between Natural Science and Engineering, including the applied technical disciplines. The arc burning strength and arc extinguishing characteristics of the pantograph-catenary arc are affected by the arc temperature parameters The Collection in Java is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate the group of objects. The experiments were conducted using compositions that contained 81–85% filler and 15–19% binder. The electric train contains a pantograph where it connects to the source of its power. Definitions, Scope, and Applications. Now issue a command: pg. 11. of the pantograph, the movements of Q are just s times the movements of P. The NPN transistor is made of semiconductor materials like silicon or germanium. It can handle large gas volumes and heavy dust loads at low pressures. It has low operating costs. Pantograph reliability can be studied from several perspectives. Please ensure your value chain includes specific descriptions for each of the areas within your value chain. Saturation region. The common emitter amplifier has a typical input impedance of 1kilo ohms and a typical output impedance of 10 kilo-ohms. 1. Studies, new methods of making pantograph collectors, and new designs of collectors. What is rectification? Sketch the static characteristics of a common emitter transistor and bring out the essential features of input and output characteristics. Explain briefly and show how input and output characteristics are drawn. The two 'E' settings at either end are emergency settings, for using the DC pantograph under AC traction or the AC pantograph under DC traction. In a pantograph collector, there is no risk of leaving wire junction, etc. e. They are placed between the pole pieces of a strong electromagnet. Suitable for Jan 27, 2024 · A digital pantograph uses sensors and numerical control to scale a master drawing and replicate it accurately onto another surface. Last Answer : Trolley Collector for Overhead System: This consists of a grooved gun metal wheel or grooved slider shoe with carbon insert carried attached to the end of a long pole provided on the top of gives rise to high current density. They consist of a pantograph head, frame, base, and drive system, and their geometrical shape is variable. IV. These back to back PN junction diodes are Aug 8, 2023 · Basically, it’s a nifty machine with two arms: one for tracing and one for engraving. In NPN transistor, the direction of movement of an electron is from the emitter to (a) Draw the circuit diagram for studying the characteristics of a transistor in common emitter configuration. The experiments were conduct-ed using compositions that contained 81–85% filler and 15–19% binder. This document provides information about the pantographs used on EMU trains in Mumbai. Q 1. D) With neat diagram explain the principle of operation of Megger. ‹ Q. In this paper, a closed-chain multibody model of a pantograph/catenary system is developed and used for the optimal design of a nonlinear controller based Wear on the surface of the current collector strips reduces conductivity and can create arcs, endangering the health and safety of the pantograph and catenary system. Definition. With the adjustable bars, the given ratio is defined. Parabolic Dish Collector. Nov 14, 2018 · 14. Assuming the field excitation to be constant at 5A, Calculate the speed at which the generator May 17, 2015 · Studies, new methods of making pantograph collectors, and new designs of collectors. Three types of current collectors are in common use, viz. The NPN transistor amplifies the weak signal enter into the base and produces strong amplify signals at the collector end. Explain booster transformer with diagram. The Way Forward. 2. (d) State one use of diamond which depends on its 'extraordinary brilliance' and one use of graphite which from pantograph import * pg = PantoGraph(driver, follower, motor_1_pos, motor_2_pos) The servos and arms will move immediately (this is why it’s important to have fastened the arms loosely). The principal components of a pantograph are a main frame, an arm, a pantograph head and a drive. Invention of diamond pantograph. The structure of double-arm pantograph finds in as ‘Diamond’ shape. 5 m) above the road surface, the current collector must, therefore, be mounted on the vehicle. a) With neat diagram explain the moving coil instruments. Describe the differences between NPN and PNP BJTs. 1 Introduction. 7 m (from 4. The NPN transistor features three terminals: emitter, base and collector. Java Collections can achieve all the operations that you perform on a data such as searching, sorting, insertion, manipulation, and deletion. 4. See Answer. =0‎. Java Collection means a single unit of objects. 7. yb ip wx bv jj ni hm wm io ey