Number of passes required for asphalt compaction

 

The CIS is installed on a Sakai single-drum vibratory soil roller or double drum asphalt rollers. 5 cm. Great for cold laid asphalt mixes and chip seal surfaces. Note: Each point (up to four per section) represents the number of roller passes needed to complete compaction at the location shown. 2. Compaction is the process by which the volume of air in an HMA mixture is reduced by using external forces to reorient the constituent aggregate particles into a more closely spaced arrangement. The goal of the present article is to determine the required strength for asphalt mix compaction of 40–50 per surface. i. Density is measured. a) Towed Vibratory Roller : The weight of the roller ranges from 4. 95) = 5 mm less = 95 mm. the compaction specification for the asphalt concrete. IC was observed by government, industry and academia personnel during a European Scan trip to identify improved compaction technologies. 6 (b) and (c) show the CI and number of passes from approximately the same locations. With the heavy roller, the layer depth to be compacted and daily output can be increased. Other numbers indicate the vibratory compaction 04/03/2024 - Register Check: “Asphalt: A History” 03/21/2024 - Asphalt Day is May 15; 03/08/2024 - Asphalt Sustainability – Contracting mechanisms, project delivery methods and green public procurement; 03/07/2024 - A talk with Wives for Road President Sheila Barkevich; 03/06/2024 - Explore Nashville while at Global of Asphalt This test method is used when determining the average in-place density and relative compaction of asphalt concrete (AC). may cause 35% decrease of pavement fatigue life and. significantly higher between the Oct 31, 2022 · The compaction data were first collected during the construction of a local road in Mardan, Pakistan, including IC data, in-place density, and temperature at the asphalt layer surface. ”. For asphalt base, the same guidelines as for granular materials should be used, with the exception that after the increase becomes less than 0. Vibratory plates are powered by gasoline or diesel engines. Feb 10, 2024 · This reduction in Va content shows potential in a decrease in the number of roller passes required to achieve the desired density or higher compaction density can be achieved with the given compaction efforts during road paving. Acceptance based on core density. Sakai’s models in these classes include the SV412, SV540, and SV640 Series rollers. If you roll up toward the screed and back for one pass, you’ve covered 54 inches of the 144-inch mat; let’s say that takes three minutes. , 1996 [1] ). This test method covers proper sampling, transporting, trimming, weighing, and calculations involving core samples taken from asphalt pavement. com Dec 28, 2000 · An asphalt-concrete mix must be fully compacted before it cools to a temperature of about 175 F. Sep 15, 2016 · The duration for the compacted asphalt mix to cool to 80 °C at locations with a t/NMAS ratio of 2. Dec 30, 2019 · The FHWA IC specifications recommended that test sections be evaluated to verify the mixture volumetric values, and a compaction curve of the asphalt mixtures should be determined with regard to the number of passes. It may be applied to AC which has a compacted thickness of at least 30 mm. Centerline joint passes, number passes required for asphalt layer and higher the decision. Forward running and reversible vibratory plates are used for the compaction of small or confined asphalt surfaces. Research on the compaction. This is achieved when the mix is still hot, regardless of the type of mix you use. ,1996). 5 THREE PHASES OF ASPHALT COMPACTION. 130. However, the asphalt mixes developed that incorporate LTA additives are more sensitive than hot-mixed asphalts to temperature reduction during compaction, which leads to inadequate Oct 1, 2023 · IC technology can collect real-time compaction information at 100% pavement coverage, including the number of rolling passes, surface temperature, and pavement responses. Figure 1: A Steel Wheel and a Pneumatic Tire Inadequate compaction is one of the major factors in premature pavement failure. , 2014 Oct 23, 2023 · Proper asphalt compaction is essential for ensuring that the paved surface lasts for many years. The first roller ( red, on the left close behind the paver) compacts the left side of the mat with two passes (numbers 1 and 2) up and back in exactly the same position, hanging over the left Jan 5, 2024 · Larger plates cover more surface area, reducing the number of passes required for compaction. Paving, i. 1 Use a rolling train for the best results. 2021. For achieving the required final den-sity, the asphalt layer must be uniformly compacted by means of a specified number of com-pactor passes. Most compaction manufacturers recommend a maximum roller speed of 3 mph and most often more than one roller pass is needed to get compaction. 6 Instructions on compacting asphalt pavements. 9, 4. Example 1. Field Compaction Equipment’s: The following types of equipment’s are used in the field for compacting embankments, sub-grades, road bases etc. 288. Alarm messages would be sent to roller Applying the optimum number of passes of the roller, an IC system significantly reduces the chances of over-compaction. The current nssp 39-8 requires use of steel drum vibratory roller equipped with GPS Vibratory plates. 3 HMA Small Placements Bridge Approaches, Culvert Replacements, etc. 15 to 0. E. T&L (where thickness is not specified) Misc. Given that the compactor weighs 32T, 1. The collected information is displayed on the screen to help engineers to make appropriate strategy adjustments so that compaction uniformity can be effectively guaranteed. (51) and (52). Aug 10, 2023 · The number of roller passes required depends on the compaction requirements, soil type, and layer thickness. Quality Assurance (QA) means as defined in OPSS 313. For asphalt mixtures, compaction locks the asphalt-coated aggregate particles together to achieve stability and provide resistance to What is compaction? Soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space between them (Figure 1). Interruption to rubber Dec 20, 2016 · Sakai’s rollers are in the 8- to 12-ton range with a compacting width between 67 and 84 inches and are used for larger base work, allowing for more efficient use of labor on larger jobs, and speed through the work, says Steele. The shape of the plate also influences the compaction efficiency. Conform to slight variations in the surface, ensuring uniform compaction. Number of Passes Required. 3 (d)). , repairs Number of Passes per Table 402-6 15 80 Series Compaction TABLE 402-6 NUMBER OF PASSES1 Pavement Courses Static Compaction Vibratory Compaction Steel Wheel Asphalt density after compaction by the breakdown roller is a key factor influencing asphalt pavement performance. 2 Roller speed matters. Rather, subgrade is characterized by its location (see Figure 2. 1016/J. The trend was normal because the thinner mat can lose heat easily. Adjust tire inflation for varied compaction needs. Determine a. Gyratory compaction uses a kneading effort to produce cylindrical specimens. 122274 Corpus ID: 233684837; Prediction of the number of roller passes and degree of compaction of asphalt layer based on compaction energy @article{Zhao2021PredictionOT, title={Prediction of the number of roller passes and degree of compaction of asphalt layer based on compaction energy}, author={Yulong Zhao and Shuya Xie and Ying Gao and Yao Zhang and Ke Zhang Low temperature asphalt (LTA) technologies, such as warm-mixed asphalt mixes, are utilized in the paving industry to lower energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions during asphalt mixing and pavement construction. This needs to be completed before the asphalt pavement mix temperature drops below its limit of workability. Creep slope is the inverse of deformation rate in the first steady-state region of the plot, between post compaction and stripping inflection point. 05. Temperature of the asphalt mat, the pattern of the rollers, mat density and other factors all have an impact on the success (or failure) of your asphalt compaction. Eventually, this will lead to a higher number of required rollers altogether, in order to keep up with the paver [3, 8, 25, 29, 39, 57]. CONBUILDMAT. Performance Graded Asphalt Cement (PGAC) means as defined in OPSS 313. This look was achieved with three distinct types of filler material and two kinds of sand. 2. 2 (b). This reduction of air volume produces a corresponding increase in HMA density (Roberts et al. “Compaction is the single most important factor that affects pavement performance in terms of durability, fatigue life, resistance to deformation, strength and moisture damage. 120. v) Number of roller passes With every roller pass energy is imparted to the soil and it density goes on increasing. pipeline trenches more than 27 inches wide. Therefore, a new quantification method for the required compaction energy was proposed in this study, as shown in Eqs. Oct 1, 2019 · FHWA-PROJ-19-0087. As the pavement is being placed, there are several methods of testing asphalt pavement for compaction. Both criteria are highly dependent on Mar 29, 2021 · Introduction. However, accurate assessment of compaction status remains challenging under real construction conditions. Density Requirement - Compaction of hot mix asphalt with thickness ≥0. Apr 20, 2018 · The energy balance between the field compaction and a laboratory compaction test was used to determine the number of roller passes without considering the amount of compacted asphalt mixture. See full list on forconstructionpros. 3 m depending upon the types of soil, relative compaction that is required, field compaction energy (type of compaction equipment and number of passes) and the QA/QC (quality assurance/quality control) plan. Oct 28, 2021 · 1. By keeping the layer within this range, you can ensure that the compactor's weight is evenly distributed, allowing for better compaction and density. Furthermore, it is difficult to ensure Jul 17, 2020 · Number of Roller Passes. Sep 21, 2022 · Post-compaction consolidation is defined as deformation (mm) at 1,000 wheel passes. 2-2 in Part 2 above). The geology consists of saturated loose sand 6m deep. Ameri et al. Apr 27, 2023 · 4 Factors Affecting Asphalt Compaction. This paper reviewed recent progress and applications of smart sensors and machine May 1, 2018 · However, detailed information with accurate location identification is essential for geostatistical analysis, and the conventional point-wise measurements for asphalt compaction are difficult to meet the requirements [6]. developed for compacting backfill in. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD. 12. Compaction curves refers to the two-dimensional graphs of the level of compaction versus the number of roller passes, which are typically used to determine the number of roller passes that are required to achieve the target level of compaction. During the compaction process, IC rollers continuously generate colour-coded maps that show the number of roller passes at a particular location, the Jul 29, 2021 · This observation is consistent with the asphalt compaction data reported in the literature, i. The asphalt mixture’s compressibility was tested. This is an online, learn-at-your-own-pace, course hosted on the Asphalt Institute Learning Portal. The ICMV for Sakai, Compaction Control Value (CCV), is a unitless index Registration. The number of passes may be significantly different in 4, 5, and 9, but the compaction effectiveness may be very similar in 3. 100 m x 2300 kg/m3 / 1000 = 138 tons. Intelligent Compaction rollers are used in compaction of hot mix asphalt for breakdown and intermediate compaction for method compaction process and for density required HMA. At a high level, the number of passes needed to achieve desired compaction depends on the contact pressure and speed of the equipment. 0-6. Therefore, the number of passes at which the aggregate acceleration stabilizes (aggregate locking point) can be considered as the optimal compaction number. Asphalt pavement compaction is determined from the average maximum specific gravity (MSG) of the asphalt mixture based on the daily average of the contractor’s field lab results. Jan 1, 2017 · For lifts 1 through 5, a total of 6 to 9 compactor passes were performed to achieve the required level of compaction. voids in asphalt mixture by 1% than that of design. They typically exert between 10 and 18 psi. The horizontal axis, with values −1 and 0, respectively, represents the compaction degree after the mixture is paved and after one static compaction pass of the roller. Apr 26, 2024 · Intelligent compaction (IC) has emerged as a breakthrough technology that utilizes advanced sensing, data transmission, and control systems to optimize asphalt pavement compaction quality and efficiency. Enroll Today! Mar 29, 2021 · DOI: 10. For an HMA to perform well undertraffic, it must be compacted The compaction degree of the asphalt pavement changes with the increase in the vibratory compaction pass, as shown in Figure 5. Sep 9, 2019 · 1. The most common method is a Nuclear Density Gauge. Therefore, the number and type of rollers being used is very important. 5 lb/ft3 per pass, one additional pass shall be Provided that the material has been laid and compacted within the appropriate temperature range, fewer passes will be required when any signs of distress become apparent. 6, and 5. Sep 1, 2017 · Compaction is a crucial topic for asphalt mixture in that the success of mix design greatly depends on the compaction method being used, and the asphalt pavement achieves the required density also Jun 13, 1996 · Asphalt density after compaction by the breakdown roller is a key factor influencing asphalt pavement performance. Oct 4, 2021 · When following pavers with vibratory screeds, compactors need to increase material density by 20 percent on average. For group registrations or other issues, please contact us by email ( webinars@asphaltinstitute. double the permeability [3]. Project Abstract: Validating Density Profiling Systems (DPS) for Asphalt Compaction Assessment: As the DPS technology needs to be proven as a tool for quality assurance of asphalt compaction, the measured values of dielectric should be accurately converted to the pavement properties related value (percent air voids - Va%). 2 (c). Compacted Thickness = 100 mm x (1 – 0. • The PlasticAid mixes exhibited higher VMA and VFA compared to Control mix. The compaction of the asphalt mixture is essential to ensure the pavement performance [1], [2], [3]. e. Caltrans regulates that ICMV not be collected for stiffness when the compacted asphalt layer is less than 4. In the event that the increase in dry density for a Roller Pattern on granular material is less than 1 lb/ft3 one additional pass shall be required. For payment issues, please see our Learning System Checkout and Payment page. trenches and difficult access areas. Scherocman, P. This demonstrates how we can easily calculate tons, thickness, density, and coverage area variables essential for planning any asphalt paving project. Intelligent compaction (IC) technology was applied to soil compaction initially in the 1970's [7], it was then further Intelligent compaction (IC) refers to an improved compaction process using rollers equipped with an integrated measurement system that consists of a highly accurate GPS, accelerometers, onboard computer reporting system, and infrared thermometers for HMA/WMA feedback control. The gauge measures compaction as the pavement is placed. 3 A site measuring 10km² is to undergo dynamic compaction. 1. The number of passes required i. Engine Power: The engine power of an asphalt plate compactor determines its ability to handle different types of asphalt mixes and achieve the required compaction density. (2) calculates the roller passes at a grid cell from a micro level. Jul 12, 2017 · Given the number of passes required to finish the asphalt surfaces and the fact that AMIR compactor results in less carbon emissions, AMIR compactor is assumed to be environmental friendly. Jun 14, 2023 · Equipment testing may be required to match the best machine to the job. Fig. Intelligent Compaction Target Values and Density Quality Control Report. 6 still gained some compaction. Jan 1, 2011 · Abstract. and Dwight Walker, P. (2) N k = N k + 1, C k ∈ Ω n t N k, C k ∉ Ω n t where, N k is the roller passes at the grid G k, with an initial value of zero. Nov 1, 2023 · The efficient compaction is defined as compaction that ensures a given part of the asphalt layer (i) has been subjected to the required number of roller passes (N), (ii) at the appropriate temperatures, which are marked by the lower (T min) and higher (T max) temperature thresholds [7], as shown in Fig. density is achieved on each route and for each asphalt mixture. . Roll the end of each subsequent pass beyond the end of the adjacent and previous pass. Pros. 15’. Sep 27, 2021 · Among various IC index, the compaction curve plays a vital role for QA purpose. of passes, and temperature for 1st pass of breakdown and last pass of intermediate compaction. and remote controlled compactors weigh about 3000 lbs and were. iv) Layer thickness Less compactive effort is required per unit volume of soil if thickness of layer is lesser. 3, with the difference being associated with the non-uniform CI applied across the width of the roller. 20. Keep an Eye on Your Mix Temperature. Target Density means the average bulk relative density for each sublot established according to LS-297, and used to determine the per cent compaction. Compaction is the process of densifying, or reducing the volume of, a mass of material. The relationship between the compaction energy density and degree of compaction was quantified using the gyratory compactor. In the August issue, Scherocman, a consulting engineerin pavement design plus construction located by Cinnati, discussed theimportance of compaction and the related between density and the air-voidcontent of hot-mix tape (HMA) pavement. The level of Oct 15, 2015 · Fig. The Number of Passes given Compaction Production by Compaction Equipment is defined as the number of passes when other parameters is known like roller characteristics and is represented as P = (16*W*S*E*L*PR)/y or Number of Passes = (16*Width of Roller*Roller Speed*Efficiency Factor*Lift Thickness*Pay Ratio)/Production Due to Compaction. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage. By effectively compacting the hot-mix asphalt, one can expect to observe a reduction in material thickness of approximately 25%, which translates to a quarter Dec 1, 2012 · The compaction effort is defined by the number of passes and speed of travel of the employed compacting roller on one path and on the compaction technique (defined by type of roller). Price: $50. By integrating measurement, documentation, and control systems, the It is found that compaction degree and uniformity are not always positively correlated with the number of roller passes and that excessive compaction leads to a decrease in compaction effect; meanwhile, the variation in the compactness of asphalt mixtures can be characterized by the dynamic response of SmartRock, which providing a feasible density is achieved on each route and for each asphalt mixture. : (a) Rollers Oct 1, 2014 · Increase of air. Consider the roller with a 54-inch drum width for a moment. ” (AAPT 1997) Importance of Compaction. May 24, 2021 · The compaction of asphalt mixture is a process in which the loose granular material transforms from a viscoplastic state to a cohesive state. By James A. They are available in the weight range from 50 - 150 kg with working widths ranging from 45 to 60 cm. Target Compaction: 95%. Eq. Maximum Density / Optimum Moisture Table. Creating density is easiest when you’re at the highest temperature for the type of roller you’re using. Asphalt maximum density values, used in the calculation of air voids content, are specific to particular asphalt mixtures incorporating constituents from specific sources. Firstly, the needed energy for typical HMA Always park the machine across the paving direction to be able to iron out any possible ruts. Depending on mix properties and other variables, this low temperature limit can be as warm as 175° Fahrenheit (80 Oct 21, 2023 · Theoretically, under vibration compaction, the aggregates in the asphalt mixture continuously rotate and move, reaching a critical state of compaction known as the aggregate locking point. Dec 15, 2018 · This technology facilitates the real-time monitoring of material compaction with automatic adjustments to the compaction process to meet the soil stiffness requirements specified by the user. Dec 28, 2000 · <I>Editor's note: This can the secondary installed about a two-part series onasphalt compaction. (2014) reported that the asphalt density 596 It is important to consider the following factors that can influence the dielectric constant 597 measured by GPR during asphalt compaction: (1) water sprayed by the roller on asphalt surface 598 (to prevent asphalt from sticking on the drum), (2) overlapping of the signals reflected at Ahead to the center of passes required asphalt compaction energy to achieve the sloped surface, a tack tack is it. Consequently, asphalt must be compacted with pressure (static) or vibration. ICTV derived at Test Strip. Feb 25, 2016 · RE: Compaction Trail - to finalize number of rollign passes required to achieve required compaction Ron (Structural) 25 Feb 16 15:17 Test strips are commonly used for asphalt placement to determine rolling requirements; however, the process can be used for base materials as well, though you can expect more variability with the base material Nov 28, 2023 · Characterized by multiple rubber tires, pneumatic rollers provide a kneading action that is excellent for sealing the asphalt surface. 13. MP 401. Forms: T313. This reduction of air volume in a mixture produces a corresponding increase in HMA density (Roberts et al. Right now we build pavements that have shorter lives than they should. As would be done in practice, cylindrical drill cores were extracted for further testing and imageing, as shown in Fig. All test data and related information is recorded on Form. 2 Compacting Asphalt with a Machine. At temperatures above this value, the mix is normally still warm enough for the compaction equipment to reorient the aggregate particles into their densest configuration. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways specify thickness of layer as 200 mm for heavy compaction equipment. Compaction Testing of Hot- Mix Asphalt Pavements (HMA) Tables and Charts Forms: Tables for Converting Total Dry Density to Density of the -3/4 inch Material. Factors, such as soil type, moisture level, lift thickness and the type of compactor are also important. 1 is 10 min, 24 min, and 38 min respectively. The number of passes required for compaction will vary depending on the type of dry density of the material and the desired density. Jan 12, 2018 · High quality compaction was achieved by controlling the operation of rollers. 7 The Importance of Proper Compaction. Aug 30, 2015 · The objective of this research was to develop a new method for predicting the number of roller passes and degree of compaction of asphalt layer from the perspective of energy. Mar 1, 2013 · The Compaction Information System (CIS) includes IC hardware and software that measure roller passes, temperatures, and stiffness of the compacted surface of pavement layers. The actual number of passes utilized was determined by the compactor operator in the field based upon CCC values observed in real-time in the roller cab and technician experience from compaction of this borrow soil at other Mar 31, 2022 · BEST PRACTICES OF ASPHALT COMPACTION. The decrease in the number of roller passes can cause under-compaction of the asphalt layer, resulting in the asphalt layer not reaching the required degree of compaction. This happens because large pores more effectively move water downward through Feb 1, 2019 · There are two types of roller passes defined in this study: the grid roller passes and the compaction zone roller passes (see Fig. The 84-inch drum is a bit wider than necessary, but its heavier weight can assist in compaction. The ideal compaction range is typically between 92%- 98% of the theoretical density. 0 Tonne but there are heavy duty roller weighing even 15 Tonne which can be towed. A lot of agency specifications will specify a maximum speed, such as 30 or 40 feet per minute. Tons Required = 6000 m2 x 0. Furthermore, it is difficult to ensure that the roller will uniformly cover the entire Oct 30, 2019 · By controlling the number of compaction cycles with the roller (5, 10 and 15 compaction cycles applied for paving in three times), the DoCs were also varied, as seen in Fig. Stop forward motion of the compactor, rolling in a slight arc toward the center of the panel, a safe distance behind the paver and crew. 5m in diameter, the height of fall is 15m and the number of drops N is 18. org) or phone ( 859. Roller Pass for Aggregates and Random Material having 40% or more Jun 8, 2017 · Figure 6: The effect of the number of passes over stresses in the soil [13] The first 2-3 passes had the g reatest importance and the increase in peak stress was. that needs to be achieved by contractors (NCAT, 1991). This blog post will serve as a guide to asphalt compaction, providing homeowners, business owners, and others with a helpful overview of what compaction entails, why it matters, the equipment involved, best practices, and the benefits of getting it The number of passes required for a compacting equipment to obtain a specific density is worked out by determining the density of the compacted material after definite number of passes. AMIR compactor achieves tighter (lower permeability coefficient) and smoother surfaces with equal or higher densities than the current compaction rollers. Generally, the thickness of each lift varies from 0. Creep slope is the number of wheel passes required to create 1 mm of rut depth, rutting due to plastic flow. A pavement compaction process monitoring system was introduced to collect all the compaction information, such as the passing numbers of rollers, paving speed of pavers, and area of pavement not be compacted in time and so on. A high compaction level will result in stable particle stacking, a significant number of inter-particle contact points and a low void content. Compaction machine characteristics ICTV are based on section 39 of Standard Specifications for No. Table for Estimating Percent of Lot Within Tolerance. In the rolling phase of the asphalt layer, the variation of number of roller passes affects the pavement performance [1], [2]. contact pressures at frequencies around 62. Through comparison of data obtained from consecutive roller passes, an IC system can quickly identify â difficult to compactâ areas, thus enabling field engineers to make decisions to remedy the problem. Width Compaction. , the optimum roller pass count for asphalt compaction ranges between 2 to 3 (Chang et al. with the help of a tractor or shovel as shown in Fig. 4960 ). The roller pattern and control strip process is described in detail in Virginia Test Method (VTM) 76; the roller pattern identifies the optimum number of roller passes that results in the highest compaction as indicated by a thin-lift nuclear gauge. The induced settlement b. Among the several factors influencing asphalt pavement density, the number of passes required for a rolling operation is a critical factor and difficult to determine and measure appropriately. 81 Basic rules of asphalt compaction 10 37 38 11. Insufficient compaction will cause various distresses and shorten the service life [4], [5], [6 80 Series Compaction This method is used for 6. 1 Asphalt can be compacted manually. Intelligent compaction is a relatively new technology in the United States, but has been used for quite some time overseas. Jul 3, 2021 · Furthermore, with lower pre-compaction the number of required roller passes needs to be increased while the roller speed will be reduced in order to achieve a higher increase of compaction with every single pass. Heavily compacted soils contain few large pores, less total pore volume and, consequently, a greater density. Most practitioners consider achieving appropriate compaction critical to the performance of an asphalt pavement. These walk-behind. TL-3112. Compaction measurement and documentation systems Rollers with ASPHALT MANAGER automatically regulate the required compaction energy by matching the effective amplitude to the prevailing conditions. At the end of five passes, the density data at location with a t/NMAS ratio of 3. To reach optimal compaction, you need to hit the optimal temperature for your mix. From an operation perspective, subgrade can be considered to consist of the material that extends a minimum of three (3) feet below the pavement structure (below the bottom of the subbase layer). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) means as defined in OPSS 313. That following tables outline and specified temperature and number of passes for construction of HMA. Make the first pass toward the paver with vibration on. 5, 3. According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), “Europeans have over 10 Jan 13, 2024 · The compaction rate of asphalt is determined by several factors, including the types and number of rollers used, the rolling patterns applied, and the material placement temperatures. 6, and 4. Compaction characteristics of hot mixed asphalt (HMA) were studied and number of roller passes was then determined based on energy equivalence. Asphalt is considered granular due to its base of mixed aggregate sizes (crushed stone, gravel, sand and fines) mixed with bitumen binder (asphalt cement). Plane will generally required number passes for asphalt compaction may be required density and should the work. 140. 6. characteristics May 12, 2021 · May 12, 2021. Before starting the compaction process, operators should carefully analyze the project specifications and consult with engineers or supervisors to determine the optimal number of roller passes. us eh aq yz xh we ji ah qk rs